@PhDThesis{Koumrouyan:2015:DeCeCo,
author = "Koumrouyan, Adriana",
title = "Desenvolvimento de cen{\'a}rios de cobertura da terra em uma
bacia de mesoescala no bioma Mata Atl{\^a}ntica e an{\'a}lise de
respostas hidrol{\'o}gicas simuladas pelo modelo DHSVM",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2015",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2015-08-26",
keywords = "hidrologia, modelagem hidrol{\'o}gica, c{\'o}digo florestal,
{\'a}reas de preserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o permanente, lei de topo de
morro, hydrology, hydrological modeling, forest code, permanent
preservation areas, hilltop Brazilian law.",
abstract = "Atualmente, existem muitos estudos de modelagem hidrol{\'o}gica
distribu{\'{\i}}da que se utilizam de cen{\'a}rios de uso e
cobertura da terra para procurar entender a influ{\^e}ncia da
mudan{\c{c}}a de uso e cobertura da terra sobre os processos
hidrol{\'o}gicos nas bacias hidrogr{\'a}ficas. No Brasil, ainda
h{\'a} uma lacuna sobre o conhecimento das consequ{\^e}ncias
hidrol{\'o}gicas que a modifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o ou n{\~a}o
cumprimento da legisla{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal, especificamente
quanto aos topos das eleva{\c{c}}{\~o}es, tenha ou possa
ocasionar, principalmente em se tratando de bacias
hidrogr{\'a}ficas de mesoescala. Desta forma, os principais
objetivos deste trabalho foram: (I) estabelecer o significado da
recente modifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o da legisla{\c{c}}{\~a}o
florestal ocorrida em 2012, por meio da Lei n\$^{o}\$ 12.651, em
rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o aos topos das eleva{\c{c}}{\~o}es; (II)
desenvolver cen{\'a}rios de cobertura pret{\'e}ritos e futuros
com diferentes n{\'{\i}}veis de degrada{\c{c}}{\~a}o
florestal; e (III) analisar e comparar as respostas
hidrol{\'o}gicas destes cen{\'a}rios de cobertura aplicando o
modelo \emph{Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model}
(DHSVM). No total, foram desenvolvidos seis cen{\'a}rios de
cobertura, que s{\~a}o, em ordem decrescente de
preserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o: (i) apresentando a vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
pristina; (ii) obedecendo as regras da Resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o
CONAMA 303/2002, conforme o aqui denominado Antigo C{\'o}digo
Florestal (ACF); (iii) combinando as regras da
legisla{\c{c}}{\~a}o anterior e da nova legisla{\c{c}}{\~a}o;
(iv) obedecendo as regras da legisla{\c{c}}{\~a}o atual,
denominada aqui de Novo C{\'o}digo Florestal (NCF); e dois
cen{\'a}rios futuros consequentes desta nova
legisla{\c{c}}{\~a}o, (v) um predominado por pasto e (vi) o
outro por agricultura. Para isso, foram delimitadas as {\'A}reas
de Preserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o Permanente (APPs) de topo de morro e
montanha segundo o ACF (Lei n\$^{o}\$ 4.771 de 1965 - revogada),
e tamb{\'e}m as APPs de topo de eleva{\c{c}}{\~o}es segundo os
crit{\'e}rios do NCF, para a Bacia do Rio Verde, localizada no
sul de Minas Gerais. Os mapas resultantes foram comparados e uma
an{\'a}lise de adequa{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi realizada para verificar
a vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o atual, cruzando um mapa de cobertura de
2006 baseado em classifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o de imagem TM/Landsat com
o mapa de APPs do ACF. O modelo DHSVM foi calibrado e validado com
o mapa de 2006, que foi considerado como experimento Controle, e
ent{\~a}o as respostas hidrol{\'o}gicas deste e dos
cen{\'a}rios de cobertura foram comparadas. Foi observada uma
rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o proporcional inversa entre a mudan{\c{c}}a da
{\'a}rea florestada e a vaz{\~a}o no exut{\'o}rio da bacia, e o
cen{\'a}rio predominado por agricultura apresentou vaz{\~a}o
maior (por{\'e}m n{\~a}o significativa) que o cen{\'a}rio
predominado por pasto, apesar de ambos possu{\'{\i}}rem a mesma
extens{\~a}o de floresta. Diferen{\c{c}}as significativas nos
processos hidrol{\'o}gicos em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o ao Controle
foram observadas apenas para o cen{\'a}rio de
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o pristina e o cen{\'a}rio baseado no ACF.
Foi conclu{\'{\i}}do que o NCF diminuiu em 99,98\% a
prote{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos topos de eleva{\c{c}}{\~o}es em
rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o ao ACF e que as consequ{\^e}ncias
hidrol{\'o}gicas podem ser detectadas pelo DHSVM numa bacia de
mesoescala. ABSTRACT: There are currently many studies of
distributed hydrological modeling that use land use/cover
scenarios in an attempted to understand the influence of land use
and cover changes on the watershed hydrology. There is still a gap
on the hydrological consequences of the modification or
non-fulfillment of forest legislation in Brazil, particularly in
relation to hilltops at the mesoscale. The main objectives of this
work were: (I) to establish the meaning of the recent alteration
of hilltops protection status, caused by the change in forestry
legislation that followed the review of the Federal Law number
12651 that passed in 2012; (II) to develop past and future land
cover scenarios with different levels of forest cover integrity;
and (III) to analyze and compare the hydrological responses of
these land cover scenarios with the application of the Distributed
Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM). Six coverage scenarios
were made, which are, in descending order of preservation: (i)
presenting the pristine vegetation; (ii) complying with the rules
of CONAMA Resolution 303/2002, called here as Old Forest Code
(ACF); (iii) combining the rules of the previous legislation and
new legislation; (iv) obeying the rules of the current
legislation, called here the New Forest Code (NCF); and two future
scenarios resulting from this new legislation, (v) one
predominated by pasture and (vi) the other, by agriculture. For
this, the Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) of tops of hill and
mountain were delineated according to ACF (Federal law number
4771/1965 - repealed), and also the APPs of hilltops under NCF
rules, for the Verde River Basin, located in southern Minas Gerais
State. The resulting maps were compared and an adequacy analysis
was conducted to verify the present vegetation, represented by a
TM/Landsat based land cover map of 2006 as compared to the
ACF\${'}\$s APPs map. The DHSVM model was calibrated and
validated with the 2006 map, considered as the control experiment,
and then the hydrological responses for the control and the land
cover scenarios were compared. An inverse proportional
relationship between the change of the forested area and the flow
in outlet basin was observed, and the agriculture dominated
scenario showed greater flow (but not significant) than the
pasture dominated scenario, despite having the same forest extent.
Significant differences in hydrological processes in relation to
the control were observed only for the pristine vegetation and the
ACF based scenarios. It was concluded that the current Forest Code
decreased hilltop protection by 99.98\% in relation to the
previous Forest Code, and the hydrological consequences can be
detected by DHSVM in the considered mesoscale basin.",
committee = "Rodriguez, Daniel Andr{\'e}s (presidente) and Pineda, Luz Adriana
Cuartas (orientador) and Valeriano, Dalton de Morisson
(orientador) and Silva, Benedito Cl{\'a}udio da and Val{\'e}rio
Filho, M{\'a}rio",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Development of land cover scenarios on a mesoscale watershed in
the Atlantic Rainforest biome and analysis of its hydrological
responses simulated by DHSVM",
language = "pt",
pages = "166",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3JU3EMB",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3JU3EMB",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}